This course provides a novel way of looking at the practice of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E). The question “what difference are we making”– as an individual, project, programme, organisation or network, is increasingly important whether for learning or accountability. Through a series of modules, this course will lay out the challenges, introduce a tool-box of techniques and show where these can be best applied through practical strategies and case studies. To maximise contribution, the course views M&E as critical to all stages of a policy or programme’s development.  Ways of promoting early participation and the engagement of key stakeholders are explored and benefits and risks assessed. This lays the ground for M&E to make vital contributions to incentivise change and measure performance. In later sections techniques to measure impact and enable learning are provided.